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Differential regulation of KCC2 and NKCC1 expression by zolpidem in CA1 and CA3 hippocampal subregions of the lithium-pilocarpine status epilepticus rat model.
Exp Anim
January 2025
Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia.
Status epilepticus is linked to cognitive decline due to damage to the hippocampus, a key structure involved in cognition. The hippocampus's high vulnerability to epilepsy-related damage is the main reason for this impairment. Convulsive seizures, such as those observed in status epilepticus, can cause various hippocampal pathologies, including inflammation, abnormal neurogenesis, and neuronal death.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCase report: Additional grounds for tighter regulation? A case series of five women with zolpidem dependence from a Brazilian women-specific substance use disorder outpatient service.
Front Psychiatry
December 2024
Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), Instituto de Psiquiatria, São Paulo, Brazil.
Objective: This study presents a case series of five women with zolpidem dependence treated at the Drug Dependent Women Treatment Center (PROMUD), one of the first women-specific substance use disorder outpatient services in Latin America.
Methods: This was an retrospective review of medical records of patients with a diagnosis of zolpidem dependence at the Institute of Psychiatry of Clinics Hospital of University of São Paulo between December 2021 and December 2023. Description of the cases followed the Case Report Statement, Checklist and Guidelines (CARE).
Dispensing of zolpidem and benzodiazepines in Brazilian private pharmacies: a retrospective cohort study from 2014 to 2021.
Front Pharmacol
November 2024
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Epidemiologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
Objective: The study aimed to evaluate Zolpidem and Benzodiazepines prescription and dispensing data in private pharmacies in Brazil from 2014 to 2021. Methods: This retrospective cohort study was carried out with retrospective open data from the Brazilian Federal Government from January 2014 to August 2021 containing medicines registered in the National Controlled Products Management System (SNGPC).
Results: Between January 2014 and August 2021, a total of 32,441,392 sales of thirteen drugs from the z-drug and benzodiazepine classes used to treat sleep disorders were recorded in Brazil.
Clinical applications of small-molecule GABAR modulators for neurological disorders.
Bioorg Chem
December 2024
Department of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China. Electronic address:
Gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor (GABAR) modulators are crucial in treating neurological and psychiatric disorders, including epilepsy, anxiety, insomnia, and depression. This review examines the synthetic approaches and clinical applications of representative small-molecule GABAR modulators. Benzodiazepines, such as Diazepam, are well-known positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) that enhance GABAR function, providing therapeutic effects but also associated with side effects like sedation and dependence.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFZolpidem-related euphoria, addiction and detoxification: A case report and review of the literature.
Medicine (Baltimore)
November 2024
Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Rationale: Zolpidem, a non-benzodiazepine sedative-hypnotic, is considered safer for the treatment of insomnia compared to benzodiazepines. However, in recent years, there have been growing reports of Zolpidem dependence, addiction, and withdrawal symptoms. We reported a case of Zolpidem addiction and successful detoxification, reviewed similar cases in the literature, and proposed a potential mechanism underlying Zolpidem addiction.
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