Alzheimer's disease approaches - Focusing on pathology, biomarkers and clinical trial candidates.

Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry

Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 11, 120 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic.

Published: August 2024

The strategy for the development of new drugs for Alzheimer's disease (AD) recognizes that an effective therapy requires early therapeutic intervention and a multifactorial approach that considers the individual initiators of AD development. Current knowledge of AD includes the understanding of pathophysiology, risk factors, biomarkers, and the evolving patterns of biomarker abnormalities. This knowledge is essential in identifying potential molecular targets for new drug development. This review summarizes promising AD drug candidates, many of which are currently in phase 2 or 3 clinical trials. New agents are classified according to the Common Alzheimer's Disease Research Ontology (CADRO). The main targets of new drugs for AD are processes related to amyloid beta and tau neurotoxicity, neurotransmission, inflammation, metabolism and bioenergetics, synaptic plasticity, and oxidative stress. These interventions are aimed at preventing disease onset and slowing or eliminating disease progression. The efficacy of pharmacotherapy may be enhanced by combining these drugs with other treatments, antioxidants, and dietary supplements. Ongoing research into AD pathophysiology, risk factors, biomarkers, and the dynamics of biomarker abnormalities may contribute to the understanding of AD and offer hope for effective therapeutic strategies in the near future.

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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2024.111069DOI Listing

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