glycoprotein regulates glucose homeostasis: targeting the liver.

In this study, we investigated the effects of glycoprotein (PG)-mediated regulation of on liver glucose metabolism in hyperglycemic mouse models, and sought to establish the underlying mechanism, as determined by the changes in liver gene expression and metabolic profiles. The results showed that 30-300 mg kg PG upregulated the expression of the liver genes , , , , , , and downregulated the expression of , , and , in a concentration-dependent manner. 300 mg kg PG downregulated the concentrations of glucose-related metabolites in the liver, but upregulated lactic acid, 2-aminoacetic acid, and glucose-1-phosphate concentrations. It was assumed that PG regulated liver glucose metabolism by enriching insulin secretion, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, and the AMPK signaling pathway, and promoting insulin secretion, glycogen synthesis, and glycolysis. Our findings supported the development of and its glycoproteins as novel natural antidiabetic compounds that regulated blood glucose homeostasis.