Brain nocardiosis is an uncommon but severe disease associated with high mortality. We present a case of brain nocardiosis with elevated tracer uptake on both 68 Ga-pentixafor and 18 F-FDG PET/CT, mimicking intracerebral invasion of multiple myeloma. This case demonstrates that nocardiosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of brain lesions found on PET/CT with increased tracer accumulation in immunocompromised patients.
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Article Synopsis
- - This systematic review analyzes 512 cases of Nocardia brain infections from 2000 to mid-2024, focusing on clinical symptoms, imaging results, and antibiotic resistance patterns in both immunocompromised and non-immunocompromised patients.
- - It highlights the shortcomings of traditional microbiological cultures in diagnosing these infections compared to advanced molecular methods, which improve detection speed and accuracy.
- - Key factors for better treatment outcomes include timely antibiotic administration (notably sulfonamides and β-lactams) and the potential need for surgical intervention, emphasizing the importance of improved diagnostic and treatment strategies.
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