Introduction: From 2009 to 2015, the IMI PROTECT conducted rigorous studies addressing questions about optimal implementation and significance of disproportionality analyses, leading to the development of Good Signal Detection Practices. The ensuing period witnessed the independent exploration of research paths proposed by IMI PROTECT, accumulating valuable experience and insights that have yet to be seamlessly integrated.
Areas Covered: This state-of-the-art review integrates IMI PROTECT recommendations with recent acquisitions and evolving challenges. It deals with defining the object of study, disproportionality methods, subgrouping, masking, drug-drug interaction, duplication, expectedness, the debated use of disproportionality results as risk measures, integration with other types of data.
Expert Opinion: Despite the ongoing skepticism regarding the usefulness of disproportionality analyses and individual case safety reports, their ability to timely detect safety signals regarding rare and unpredictable adverse reactions remains unparalleled. Moreover, recent exploration into their potential for characterizing safety signals revealed valuable insights concerning potential risk factors and the patient's perspective. To fully realize their potential beyond hypothesis generation and achieve a comprehensive evidence synthesis with other kinds of data and studies, each with their unique limitations and contributions, we need to investigate methods for more transparently communicating disproportionality results and mapping and addressing pharmacovigilance biases.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14740338.2024.2368817 | DOI Listing |
Animals (Basel)
December 2024
School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand.
The microbial ecology in mastitis involves the interactions between bacteria and the mammary gland environment. Poor mastitis control, for which understanding these microbial relationships is crucial, increases the risk of mastitis and co-infections. The aim of this study was to determine the pathogenesis and bacterial ecology of murine mammary glands following intramammary infection (IMI) with (AU), (SA), and four isolates of selected non-aureus staphylococci (NAS), as well as co-infections of AU or SA with NAS.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPestic Biochem Physiol
December 2024
College of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Protection, Development and Utilization of Medicinal Resources in Liupanshan Area, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, PR China. Electronic address:
Lancet Reg Health Eur
January 2025
Center for Treatment of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (REMEDY), Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
Background: As most people now have established hybrid immunity, the need for regular, updated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine boosters in patients with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) is unclear. The study aim was to assess humoral and cellular immunogenicity of a fifth bivalent vaccine dose in patients with IMID on tumour necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi).
Methods: In the longitudinal, observational Nor-vaC study, we assessed anti-spike and neutralising antibodies against Wuhan, Omicron BA.
Lancet Reg Health Am
December 2024
Multidisciplinary Initiative for Collaborative Research on Bacterial Resistance (MICROB-R), Santiago, Chile.
Background: Antibiotic-resistant bloodstream infections (ARB BSI) cause an enormous disease and economic burden. We assessed the impact of ARB BSI caused by high- and critical-priority pathogens in hospitalised Chilean patients compared to BSI caused by susceptible bacteria.
Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study from 2018 to 2022 in three Chilean hospitals and measured the association of ARB BSI with in-hospital mortality, length of hospitalisation (LOS), and intensive care unit (ICU) admission.
Sci Total Environ
December 2024
Department of Water Protection Engineering and Environmental Microbiology, Faculty of Geoengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Prawocheńskiego 1, 10-720 Olsztyn, Poland. Electronic address:
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