AI Article Synopsis
- This study systematically reviews the current state of surgical care for incarcerated individuals in the U.S., highlighting significant gaps in knowledge and care quality that need addressing in future research.
- The U.S. prison population, which largely consists of young, low-income men from minority backgrounds, faces unique health challenges that are compounded by limited access to healthcare and a lack of literature on their surgical needs.
- The review found that most studies focused on orthopedic surgeries, revealing issues such as delayed hospital visits and high complication rates for incarcerated patients compared to their nonincarcerated counterparts, indicating a need for improved surgical practices and follow-ups in this demographic.
Article Abstract
Objective: This study, examining literature up to December 2023, aims to comprehensively assess surgical care for incarcerated individuals, identifying crucial knowledge gaps for informing future health services research and interventions.
Background: The US prison system detains around 2 million individuals, mainly young, indigent males from ethnic and racial minorities. The constitutional right to healthcare does not protect this population from unique health challenges and disparities. The scarcity of literature on surgical care necessitates a systematic review to stimulate research, improve care quality, and address health issues within this marginalized community.
Methods: A systematic review, pre-registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (CRD42023454782), involved searches in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science. Original research on surgical care for incarcerated individuals was included, excluding case reports/series (<10 patients), abstracts, and studies involving prisoners of war, plastic surgeries for recidivism reduction, transplants using organs from incarcerated individuals, and nonconsensual surgical sterilization.
Results: Out of 8209 studies screened, 118 met inclusion criteria, with 17 studies from 16 distinct cohorts reporting on surgical care. Predominantly focusing on orthopedic surgeries, supplemented by studies in emergency general, burns, ophthalmology, and kidney transplantation, the review identified delayed hospital presentations, a high incidence of complex cases, and low postoperative follow-up rates. Notable complications, such as nonfusion and postarthroplasty infections, were more prevalent in incarcerated individuals compared with nonincarcerated individuals. Trauma-related mortality rates were similar, despite lower intraabdominal injuries following penetrating abdominal injuries in incarcerated patients.
Conclusion: While some evidence suggests inferior surgical care in incarcerated patients, the limited quality of available studies underscores the urgency of addressing knowledge gaps through future research. This is crucial for patients, clinicians, and policymakers aiming to enhance care quality for a population at risk of surgical complications during incarceration and postrelease.
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| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11191953 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/AS9.0000000000000434 | DOI Listing |
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