Breast metastases of extramammary origin are an extremely rare entity. Solid organ metastases to the breast include malignant melanoma, epithelial carcinoma (adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the lung and gastrointestinal tract), and sarcoma. A breast neoplasm can be caused by a primary tumor, in-transit metastasis, breast metastasis, and skin metastasis. A 42-year-old female patient presented with a hyperpigmented lesion on the first finger of her left hand. An incisional biopsy was carried out, reporting pigmented epithelioid melanoma. Amputation of the finger was performed, as well as an axillary sentinel lymph node excision. Later during the treatment and follow-up by medical oncology, a breast tumor was located, followed by a protocol and the approach of possible differential diagnoses. Finally, it was characterized as metastatic cutaneous melanoma. The therapeutic approach regarding the possible origin of the metastatic neoplastic character of breast tumors culminated in this case in the palliative treatment with immunotherapy of cutaneous malignant melanoma. The diagnosis of breast metastases from cutaneous malignant melanoma is a real challenge, so an extensive history and high clinical suspicion are crucial in order to provide adequate treatment, despite the gloomy prognosis.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.60931 | DOI Listing |
Oncologist
January 2025
Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, United States.
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have advanced the treatment of metastatic melanoma. However, some patients develop ICI-associated toxicities like hepatitis (ie, immune-mediated hepatitis; IMH). Although these toxicities usually resolve with steroids, steroid-refractory events may occur, which may be a major source of morbidity and mortality without obviously defined treatment algorithms.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMelanoma is an aggressive type of skin cancer that arises from melanocytes, the cells responsible for producing skin pigment. In contrast to non-melanoma skin cancers like basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, melanoma is more invasive. Melanoma was distinguished by its rapid progression, high metastatic potential, and significant resistance to conventional therapies.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCancer Res Commun
January 2025
University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States.
Melanoma brain metastasis (MBM) is linked to dismal prognosis, low overall survival, and is detected in up to 80% of patients at autopsy. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are the smallest functional units of cancer and precursors of fatal metastasis. We previously employed an unbiased multilevel approach to discover a unique ribosomal protein large/small subunits (RPL/RPS) CTC gene signature associated with MBM.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Cancer
January 2025
Department of Neurosurgery, LMU University Hospital, Munich, Germany.
Neurologic immune-related adverse events (nirAEs) represent rare, yet severe side effects associated with immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy. Given the absence of established diagnostic biomarkers for nirAEs, we aimed to evaluate the diagnostic utility of serum Neurofilament Light Chain (NfL) and Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP). Fifty-three patients were included at three comprehensive cancer centers, of these 20 patients with manifest nirAEs and 11 patients with irHypophysitis.
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