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The placenta plays a critical role in host-pathogen interactions. Thus, ex vivo infection of mammalian placental explants is an excellent and simple method to study the mechanisms of cellular and tissue invasion by different pathogens in different mammalian species. These explants can be maintained in culture for several days, preserving the tissue architecture and resembling in-utero conditions under more physiological conditions than their isolated counterparts in isolated cell culture models. In addition, placental explants not only allow us to study how the placenta responds and defends itself against various infections but also provide a versatile platform for advancing our understanding of placental biology and the immune response. Furthermore, they serve as powerful tools for drug discovery, facilitating the screening of potential therapeutics for placental infections and for the identification of diagnostic markers. This review highlights the utility of mammalian placental explants in studying the host-pathogen interaction of two relevant protozoan parasites, Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease, and Toxoplasma gondii, the etiological agent of Toxoplasmosis. Here, we discuss the different methodologies and technical aspects of the model, as well as the effect of both parasites on placental responses in human, canine, and ovine explants.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.placenta.2024.06.016 | DOI Listing |
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Article Synopsis
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- The research involved exposing placental explants to varying concentrations of PS-MPs, measuring cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, and metabolic changes over 24 to 72 hours, utilizing methods like MTT assays and biochemical evaluations.
- Results showed that exposure to PS-MPs increased cytotoxicity and oxidative stress markers significantly, along with altered metabolomic profiles, indicating potential adverse effects on placental function.
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