AI Article Synopsis
- The study investigated how cyclopiazonic acid (CPA) is metabolized in the liver of various species, including humans, using advanced chromatography techniques.
- Four main metabolites were identified, with key metabolic processes being dehydrogenation, hydroxylation, methylation, and glucuronidation; rats showed the highest metabolic activity for CPA.
- The research also found significant species differences in metabolism and that CPA moderately inhibits the CYP3A4 enzyme, which affects its biotransformation.
Article Abstract
To investigate the metabolic transformation of cyclopiazonic acid (CPA) in the liver of different species and to supplement accurate risk assessment information, the metabolism of CPA in liver microsomes from four animals and humans was studied using the ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole/time-of-flight method. The results showed that a total of four metabolites were obtained, and dehydrogenation, hydroxylation, methylation, and glucuronidation were identified as the main metabolic pathways of CPA. Rat liver microsomes exhibited the highest metabolic capacity for CPA, with dehydrogenated (CHNO) and glucuronic acid-conjugated (CHNO) metabolites identified in all liver microsomes except chicken, indicating significant species metabolic differences. Moreover, CHNO was only detected in the incubation system with cytochromes P450 3A4 (CYP3A4). The hydroxylated (CHNO) and methylated (CHNO) metabolites were detected in all incubation systems except for the CYP2C9, with CYP3A4 demonstrating the strongest metabolic capacity. The "cocktail" probe drug method showed that CPA exhibited a moderate inhibitory effect on the CYP3A4 (IC value = 8.658 μM), indicating that the substrate had a negative effect on enzyme activity. Our results provide new insights to understand the biotransformation profile of CPA in animals and humans.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134902 | DOI Listing |
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