Surgical management of anterior mediastinal tumors of thyroid origin: a comprehensive analysis of approaches, techniques, and outcomes.

Background: This manuscript aims to describe the symptoms, demographics, surgical approaches and techniques, the volume of surgical interventions, histological results, intra- and postoperative complications, and postoperative results in patients with anterior mediastinal tumors of thyroid origin (AMTTO).

Methods: Twenty patients with AMTTO were operated between 2017 and 2021. Fifteen were women and 5 were men. The mean age was 66.8 years.

Results: The most common histology was nodular micro- and macrofollicular goiter (15/20, 75%). Kocher cervicotomy (65%) was the preferred approach. Total thyroidectomy was performed in 95% of patients. Intraoperative complications were identified in 25% (5/20), and in 2 patients a tracheostomy was required. Early postoperative complications were established in 65% and the most common was unilateral transient recurrent nerve paresis or paralysis and dysphonia (25%).

Conclusions: Commonly resection of AMTTO is a challenge due to its complexities associated with high-risk cases, emphasizing the need for experienced centers in managing such cases.