Preoperative Hepatology and Primary Care Visits Improve Postoperative Outcomes in Patients With Cirrhosis Undergoing Surgery.

Background And Aims: Cirrhosis patients are at increased risk for postoperative complications. It remains unclear whether preoperative nonsurgical clinician visits improve postoperative outcomes. We assessed the impact of preoperative primary care physician (PCP) and/or gastroenterologist/hepatologist (GI/Hep) visits on postoperative mortality in cirrhosis patients undergoing surgery and explored differences in medication changes and paracentesis rates as potential mediators.

Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of cirrhosis patients in the Veterans Health Administration who underwent surgery between 2008 and 2016. We compared 1982 patients with preoperative PCP and/or GI/Hep visits with 1846 propensity-matched patients without preoperative visits. We used Cox regression and Fine and Gray competing risk regression to evaluate the association between preoperative visit type and postoperative mortality at 6 months.

Results: Patients with preoperative GI/Hep and PCP visits had a 45% lower hazard of postoperative mortality compared with those without preoperative visits (hazard ratio [HR], 0.55; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.35-0.87). A smaller effect size was noted with GI/Hep preoperative visit alone (HR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.48-0.99) or PCP visit alone (HR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.53-0.93). Patients with preoperative PCP/GI/Hep visits were more likely to have diuretics, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis prophylaxis, and hepatic encephalopathy medications newly initiated and/or dose adjusted and more likely to receive preoperative paracentesis as compared with those without preoperative visits.

Conclusions: Preoperative PCP/GI/Hep visits are associated with a reduced risk of postoperative mortality with the greatest risk reduction observed in those with both PCP and GI/Hep visits. This synergistic effect highlights the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in the preoperative care of cirrhosis patients.