Maternal food insecurity increases the risk of low birth weight babies: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Aim: To ascertain whether maternal food insecurity was associated with low birth weight of their babies.

Methods: Systematic review conducted following the items of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews-PRISMA, and recorded in PROSPERO. The descriptors food security, low birth weight and infant low birth weight were combined in the electronic databases: Scopus, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature and Google Scholar, independently by two researchers, between October 2022 and September 2023. The meta-analysis of the association between food insecurity and low birth weight was conducted. The included studies underwent quality and risk of bias assessment.

Results: The initial search resulted in 631 records, 12 of which met the inclusion criteria and were selected for this study. Mothers experiencing food insecurity presented 3.09 more risk of having low birth weight babies when compared to those in food security situations.

Conclusion: Evaluating and monitoring the food and nutritional situation of pregnant women is necessary, with emphasis on the importance of prenatal care, to direct public policies that ensure food security and strengthen adequate nutritional conditions for pregnant women and their babies.