AI Article Synopsis
- The study investigates black spots (BSs) seen during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in patients undergoing eradication treatment, focusing on their patient demographics and clinicopathological features.* -
- Data was collected from 6778 cases between 2017 and 2022, revealing that older age and certain medications are risk factors for BSs, which are linked to gastric atrophy and low infection levels.* -
- The use of advanced imaging techniques identified iron deposition in BSs, suggesting they may indicate a lack of active inflammation and providing insights into their potential causes and formation mechanisms.*
Article Abstract
Objectives: Black spots (BSs) are lentiginous findings observed in the gastric body and fundus during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and are predominantly seen in patients undergoing eradication treatment. However, the detailed patient background and exact composition are poorly understood. This study aims to clarify the clinicopathological features of BSs, examine patient demographics, and use the NanoSuit-correlative light and electron microscopy (CLEM) method combined with scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy for elemental analysis.
Methods: Patients who underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy between 2017 and 2022 were included. Data on age, medications, blood tests, and infection status were retrospectively gathered from medical records. Univariate analysis was conducted to examine BS presence, with results then used in a multivariate model to identify associated risk factors. Additionally, pathological specimens from patients with BSs were analyzed for elemental composition using the NanoSuit-CLEM method combined with scanning electronmicroscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy.
Results: An analysis of 6778 cases identified risk factors for BSs, including older age and using proton pump inhibitors, statins, corticosteroids, and antithrombotic drugs. Endoscopically, BSs correlated with higher gastric atrophy and lower active infection. Iron deposition at BS sites was specifically identified using NanoSuit-CLEM.
Conclusions: BSs on gastrointestinal endoscopy may indicate an absence of active inflammation. The discovery of iron deposition within BSs using the NanoSuit-CLEM method has offered new insights into the possible causative factors and advances our understanding of the etiology of BSs, bringing us closer to unraveling the underlying mechanisms of their formation.
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|---|---|
| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11182783 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/deo2.398 | DOI Listing |
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