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Background: Positive and negative likelihood ratios (PLR and NLR) are important metrics of accuracy for diagnostic devices with a binary output. However, the properties of Bayesian and frequentist interval estimators of PLR/NLR have not been extensively studied and compared. In this study, we explore the potential use of the Bayesian method for interval estimation of PLR/NLR, and, more broadly, for interval estimation of the ratio of two independent proportions.
Methods: We develop a Bayesian-based approach for interval estimation of PLR/NLR for use as a part of a diagnostic device performance evaluation. Our approach is applicable to a broader setting for interval estimation of any ratio of two independent proportions. We compare score and Bayesian interval estimators for the ratio of two proportions in terms of the coverage probability (CP) and expected interval width (EW) via extensive experiments and applications to two case studies. A supplementary experiment was also conducted to assess the performance of the proposed exact Bayesian method under different priors.
Results: Our experimental results show that the overall mean CP for Bayesian interval estimation is consistent with that for the score method (0.950 vs. 0.952), and the overall mean EW for Bayesian is shorter than that for score method (15.929 vs. 19.724). Application to two case studies showed that the intervals estimated using the Bayesian and frequentist approaches are very similar.
Discussion: Our numerical results indicate that the proposed Bayesian approach has a comparable CP performance with the score method while yielding higher precision (i.e. a shorter EW).
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10543406.2024.2364723 | DOI Listing |
J Int Med Res
December 2024
Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
Objective: To explore the relationship between leukocyte count and renal function in patients with lupus nephritis (LN).
Methods: We performed a retrospective cross-sectional study of 100 patients with LN admitted to the Department of Nephrology between 1 January 2015 and 30 December 2023. Based on tertile of leukocyte count, they were allocated to Low, Medium, or High groups.
J Bone Joint Surg Am
December 2024
Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.
Background: Previous research has estimated that over one-half of patients with orthopaedic trauma experience financial distress after the injury. However, it is unknown what proportion of patients lived under financial distress before the injury and, therefore, the causal effect of the injury on financial distress. This study examined changes in financial distress after the injury and factors associated with new post-injury financial distress.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Infect Dis
December 2024
Public Health Ontario, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Background: Socio-economic status (SES) is an important determinant of severe respiratory infections. Despite being a leading cause of hospitalization, limited attention has been given to social inequities in respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), particularly outside of childhood and beyond neighbourhood-level measures. This study aimed to quantify the burden of severe RSV disease across the age continuum by individual-level SES indicators.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEur J Nutr
December 2024
Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40 (Room C5.570), Maastricht, 6229 ER, The Netherlands.
Purpose: Although total dietary protein intake has been associated with bladder cancer (BC) risk, the effect of the origin (plant or animal) and the substitutions remain to be understood. This study aimed to investigate the effect of total dietary protein, animal-based protein, plant-based protein, and their substitutions with each other on the risk of BC using a pooled analysis of 10 cohort studies.
Methods: The study was conducted within the "BLadder cancer Epidemiology and Nutritional Determinants" (BLEND) study, including 10 prospective cohort studies from several European countries, the United Kingdom, and the United States.
Environ Health Perspect
December 2024
Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA.
Background: Large prospective cohort studies have been fruitful for identifying exposure-disease associations. In a cohort where biospecimens (e.g.
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