Introduction: The ongoing visceral leishmaniasis (VL) elimination programme in India is targeting the elimination of the disease VL but not the pathogen. The persistence of hidden parasite pool may initiate a resurgence in suitable conditions. This study dealt with a novel approach to unearth such pathogen pool and their proper management to prevent the resurgence of VL.
Materials And Methods: We deployed a new approach for detection of pathogen pool by following up the VL and post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis patients treated during the last 10 years along with mass sero-surveillance within a radius of 500 m of recently treated individuals.
Results: We followed up 72.6% (3026/4168) previously treated VL and post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis patients and diagnosed 42 (1.4%) new and 38 (1.3%) recurrent post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis. We detected 93 asymptomatic leishmanial infection, 8 VL and 1 post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis by mass sero-surveillance.
Conclusion: Our three-step process including mapping and follow-up of previously treated cases, mass surveillance within 500 m of radius of known cases, and 6 monthly follow-on clinical and serological screening of asymptomatic cases, enabled detection of previously undetected cases of post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis and VL. Recurrent post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis deserves special attention regarding their treatment guideline. Early diagnosis and effective treatment of all leishmaniasis cases will hasten pathogen elimination and prevent resurgence of VL. This may help the policymakers to develop appropriate strategy for elimination of pathogen to prevent resurgence of VL.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11442417 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s44197-024-00260-2 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Validation of an improved reference freeze-dried direct agglutination test for detecting leishmaniasis in the canine reservoir.
Access Microbiol
January 2025
Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Liwa College, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
Proper identification and management of post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) and canine leishmaniasis (CanL) cases are among the prerequisites to the effective control of visceral leishmaniasis worldwide. Unlike PKDL, CanL still awaits effective improvement because of its cryptic nature, absence of parasites in lesions or lymph nodes and not complete sensitivity of some diagnostic tools in use. Because of the need for certain skills and equipment, both the liquid direct agglutination test and freeze-dried direct agglutination test (FD-DAT) versions are, in comparison with the indirect immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT) or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), practical and feasible diagnostic alternatives.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCombination Therapy for Post-Kala-Azar Dermal Leishmaniasis: A Literature Review of Current Evidence.
Indian J Dermatol
October 2024
From the Department of Pharmacology, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India.
Post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) is a neglected skin disease that has tremendous epidemiological significance as a reservoir of Leishmania parasites. Relapse, drug resistance, non-compliance to prolonged treatment, poor health-seeking behaviour, along with limited therapeutic options pose a significant impact on the management of PKDL. In this study, we aimed to review the efficacy, safety and tolerability data of combination therapies for PKDL in the published literature.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMonitoring alpha-cypermethrin susceptibility of Phlebotomus argentipes, the vector of visceral leishmaniasis in India, using the CDC bottle bioassay.
Parasit Vectors
December 2024
Kala-Azar Medical Research Center (KAMRC), Muzaffarpur, Bihar, India.
Background: Visceral leishmaniasis (VL), known as Kala-azar on the Indian subcontinent, is a parasitic disease caused by the flagellated protozoa Leishmania donovani and can be fatal if left untreated. The sand fly Phlebotomus argentipes is the only proven vector of VL in the Southeast Asia region, and VL control in this region has relied on the use of synthetic insecticides for indoor residual spraying (IRS). The use of DDT in VL control programmes has led to the development of resistance to this insecticide in sand flies, resulting in DDT being replaced with the insecticide alpha-cypermethrin.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInverse correlation between Leishmania-induced TLR1/2 and TGF-β differentially regulates parasite persistence in bone marrow during the chronic phase of infection.
Cytokine
January 2025
Cellular Immunology and Vector Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, West Bengal State University, North 24 Parganas, Barasat, West Bengal, India. Electronic address:
Host-tissue preference is a critical aspect of parasitic infections and is directly correlated with species diversity. Even the same species, Leishmania donovani, infects the host's bone marrow, spleen, and liver differentially. The tissue-specific persistence of Leishmania results from host-pathogen immune conflicts and arguments.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRole of neutrophils in the pathogenesis of Post Kala-azar Dermal Leishmaniasis (PKDL).
PLoS Negl Trop Dis
November 2024
Dept. of Pharmacology, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research (IPGME&R), Kolkata, India.
Article Synopsis
- Post Kala-azar Dermal Leishmaniasis (PKDL) emerges as a complication of visceral leishmaniasis (VL), posing challenges for disease management and ongoing elimination efforts due to its potential for ongoing transmission.
- In this study, researchers assessed neutrophils in PKDL patients' skin biopsies, finding increased numbers of activated neutrophils and elevated levels of inflammatory markers compared to healthy controls.
- The findings suggest that activated neutrophils may significantly influence the inflammatory environment in PKDL, highlighting the need for further understanding of their role in the disease's progression and treatment.
Want AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!