Clinical outcomes and associated factors in patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention: a multicenter study in Ethiopia.

Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the clinical outcomes and associated factors in patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Methods: This five-year retrospective cross-sectional study analyzed data from 241 patients who underwent urgent and primary PCI. Outcome measures included in-hospital mortality, major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs), postprocedural complications, and survival rates. Data were analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 25. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to assess predictors of in-hospital mortality. Kaplan-Meier analysis and the log-rank test were used to assess the overall survival rates and median survival time and to compare the survival probability curves for independent predictors. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were presented.

Results: One hundred forty-two patients underwent elective PCI with drug-eluting stent implantation (75.1%) as the reperfusion method. The in-hospital mortality and non-fatal MACCE rates were 3.7% and 24.1%, respectively. The predictors of in-hospital mortality were female sex (AHR = 8.39, 95% CI: 1.20-58.68,  = 0.03), preprocedural obesity (AHR = 6.54, 95% CI: 1.10-40.60,  = 0.04), previous myocardial infarction (AHR = 9.68, 95% CI: 1.66-56.31,  = 0.01), chronic heart failure (AHR = 9.21, 95% CI: 1.38-61.78,  = 0.02), and a previous history of stroke (AHR = 18.99, 95% CI: 1.59-227.58,  = 0.02). Notably, this study reported a high one-year survival rate.

Conclusion: Urgent and primary PCIs are critical interventions for patients with MI in Ethiopia, showing promising outcomes such as low in-hospital mortality and a high one-year survival rate. These findings underscore the importance of optimising access to PCI and related treatments to improve patient outcomes.