A life-threatening, massive subcutaneous hematoma caused by trauma in a patient with neurofibromatosis type 1: a case report and literature review.

Background: Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is an autosomal dominant disease that can give rise to the formation of vascular lesions in affected individuals. These lesions, whether occurring spontaneously or as a result of trauma, have the potential to cause severe and even fatal hemorrhage.

Case Description: We presented a case demonstrating the most extensive hematoma ever documented in a patient with NF1, resulting from a minor trauma. He experienced hemodynamic instability due to severe anemia. Arteriography revealed a rupture in the intercostal artery, which was successfully treated through interventional embolization to stop the hemorrhage. Additionally, we implemented a refined surgical approach, beginning with suturing, followed by the meticulous resection of necrotic and aberrant tissues, thereby markedly diminishing bleeding.

Conclusion: Minor trauma may cause severe bleeding in patients with NF1, which can be life-threatening. Timely diagnosis of NF1 and effective hemostatic techniques are key to successful treatment.