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Pediatric metabolic (dysfunction)-associated fatty liver disease: current insights and future perspectives. | LitMetric

AI Article Synopsis

  • The term non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has faced criticism for its use in both children and adults, leading to the introduction of metabolic (dysfunction)-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), which better reflects the condition's complexities.
  • The rise of MAFLD parallels increasing obesity rates and positions it as a leading cause of chronic liver disease, especially among children, while recognizing the potential for additional metabolic disorders.
  • Despite progress in understanding MAFLD's multifactorial causes, limitations in non-invasive diagnostic methods remain, with dietary and lifestyle changes being key to management, supplemented by ongoing exploration of new treatments.

Article Abstract

The historical use of the term non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in obese/overweight children has been controversial as to the appropriateness of this terminology in children, and lately, in adults too. Newer game-changer terminology, metabolic (dysfunction)-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), for this condition signifies a positive step forward that addresses the limitations of the previous definition for both adults and children. The prevalence of MAFLD has surged in tandem with the global rise in obesity rates, establishing itself as a predominant cause of chronic liver disease in both adult and pediatric populations. The adoption of the recently proposed nomenclature reflects a more encompassing comprehension of the disease and its etiology compared to its predecessor, NAFLD. Notably, the revised terminology facilitates the recognition of MAFLD as an autonomous condition while acknowledging the potential coexistence of other systemic fatty liver disorders. Particularly in children, this includes various paediatric-onset genetic and inherited metabolic disorders, necessitating thorough exclusion, especially in cases where weight loss interventions yield no improvement or in the absence of obesity. MAFLD presents as a multifaceted disorder; evidence suggests its origins lie in a complex interplay of nutritional, genetic, hormonal, and environmental factors. Despite advancements, current non-invasive diagnostic biomarkers exhibit limitations in accuracy, often necessitating imaging and histological evaluations for definitive diagnosis. While dietary and lifestyle modifications stand as cornerstone measures for MAFLD prevention and management, ongoing evaluation of therapeutic agents continues. This article provides an overview of the latest developments and emerging therapies in the realm of paediatric MAFLD.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11450008PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12072-024-10691-5DOI Listing

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