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Shades of red: A chemical exploration of pigments and dyes in 19th century postage stamps by a multi-analytical methodology.
Talanta
December 2024
University of Coimbra, CQC-IMS, Department of Chemistry, 3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal. Electronic address:
A total of 57 European, Canadian and North American postage stamps, all in red shades, were analyzed with the main goal of unraveling which pigments or dyes were used to produce the red color in the period dated from 1841 to 1899. Both non-destructive techniques, including X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), Fiber Optics Reflectance Spectra (FORS), and Steady State Fluorescence Spectroscopy, and destructive methods such as High-Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled with Diode-Array Detection (HPLC-DAD) and Electrospray Ionization High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (ESI-HRMS), were utilized for a comprehensive analysis. The examined red shades were identified as originating from either a single pigment or dye, or a combination of both.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFStory of a Levantine family in late Ottoman Constantinople: Dr Julius van Millingen and Dr Edwin van Millingen.
J Med Biogr
December 2024
History of Medicine and Ethics, Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University, Istanbul, Turkey.
This paper examines Drs Julius and Edwin van Millingen, father and son physicians from a Constantinople-based Levantine family. They thrived in late 19th-century Ottoman Constantinople, a period of modernization aimed at survival amid decline. The profiles of Millingen family members set an exemplary case of the Levantine families who preferred to settle and pursue their careers in the Ottoman capital, particularly for generations in the Pera (Beyoglu) bourgeoisie, associated with the prominent industrial and literate centers in Europe.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF[Smallpox vaccination in the Brazilian province of Paraná, 1853-1863].
Hist Cienc Saude Manguinhos
December 2024
Doutor, História Social/Universidade Federal do Paraná. Curitiba - PR - Brasil
This study reflects on the efforts to disseminate and administer the smallpox vaccine in the Brazilian province of Paraná between 1853 and 1863, taking a circulation-based perspective. Chronologically, the first milestone is the founding of Paraná and the second is the drafting of the first regulations for vaccination in the province. This research draws on the assumptions of translocal microhistory and the theoretical conceptions expounded by Kapil Raj and Fa-ti Fan.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe roots of the Institut Pasteur's "Grand Cours".
Res Microbiol
December 2024
Department of Neurology, Catholic Institute Hospital Group Lille, GHICL 115 Rue Du Grand but, 59462, Lomme cedex, France.
The article presents an analysis of the history of the microbiology course delivered during the inaugural operational year of the Institut Pasteur in Paris. The year 1889 is examined through the lens of three hitherto unknown volumes that bring together the microbiology lectures delivered at the end of the 19th century. The course was entirely independent from the teaching provided by the universities or faculties of medicine and rapidly gained international recognition.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFContrasting versions of Medical Police, the forerunner of Public Health, in Edinburgh in the early 19th century.
J Med Biogr
December 2024
Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh, Surgeons' Hall Museums, Edinburgh, UK.
Andrew Duncan Senior and John Roberton were medical figures who wrote about Medical Police, the forerunner of Public Health, at the turn of the 18th century in Edinburgh. Duncan was an establishment figure, already a Professor at Edinburgh University Medical School when he began a series of lectures on the legal context of medicine, the first of its kind in the UK. Roberton was a less conventional person whose medical qualifications were dubious but who wrote a textbook on Medial Police, the first in the English language.
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