Purpose: The diagnosis of chronic increased intracranial pressure (IIP)is often based on subjective evaluation or clinical metrics with low predictive value. We aimed to quantify cranial bone changes associated with pediatric IIP using CT images and to identify patients at risk.
Methods: We retrospectively quantified local cranial bone thickness and mineral density from the CT images of children with chronic IIP and compared their statistical differences to normative children without IIP adjusting for age, sex and image resolution. Subsequently, we developed a classifier to identify IIP based on these measurements. Finally, we demonstrated our methods to explore signs of IIP in patients with non-syndromic sagittal craniosynostosis (NSSC).
Results: We quantified a significant decrease of bone density in 48 patients with IIP compared to 1,018 normative subjects (P < .001), but no differences in bone thickness (P = .56 and P = .89 for age groups 0-2 and 2-10 years, respectively). Our classifier demonstrated 83.33% (95% CI: 69.24%, 92.03%) sensitivity and 87.13% (95% CI: 84.88%, 89.10%) specificity in identifying patients with IIP. Compared to normative subjects, 242 patients with NSSC presented significantly lower cranial bone density (P < .001), but no differences were found compared to patients with IIP (P = .57). Of patients with NSSC, 36.78% (95% CI: 30.76%, 43.22%) presented signs of IIP.
Conclusion: Cranial bone changes associated with pediatric IIP can be quantified from CT images to support earlier diagnoses of IIP, and to study the presence of IIP secondary to cranial pathology such as non-syndromic sagittal craniosynostosis.
Aim: Class II Division I malocclusion is common in pediatric orthodontics, and is often associated with malocclusion and poor muscle functionality. However, research on post-treatment changes in maxillomandibular dimensions, excluding normal development influences, is limited. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of Myobrace® appliance and targeted muscle functional training on maxillomandibular dimensions in children with Class II Division I malocclusion, compared to directed oral muscle training alone.
Petroclival approaches remain challenging given abundant cranial nerves and vessels. Common trajectories include transsphenoidal, transoral, middle fossa-extradural, and posterior through the cerebellar peduncle. We report a unique intra-axial, intradural approach to the petroclival and cavernous sinus.
Cranial fibrous dysplasia (FD) syndrome is a benign, rare, and idiopathic skeletal disorder characterized by the replacement and expansion of medullary bone by disorganized fibro-osseous tissue. Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is most commonly caused by vascular compression at the trigeminal nerve root entry zone. Secondary TN caused by cranial FD syndrome is extremely rare.
Purpose: Aimed to analyze the developmental characteristics of craniofacial structures and soft tissues in children with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and to establish and evaluate prediction model.
Methods: It's a retrospective study comprising 747 children aged 2-12 years (337 patients and 410 controls) visited the Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University (July 2017 to March 2024). Lateral head radiographs were obtained to compare the cephalometric measurements.
