AI Article Synopsis
- Non-tuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary infections (NTM-PD) are on the rise, making early detection and accurate pathogen identification essential for treatment, as demonstrated in a case study of a healthy middle-aged woman with a Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infection.
- Various diagnostic methods, including chest CT scans and macrogenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) of bronchoscopic alveolar lavage fluid (BALF), confirmed the diagnosis of MAC after identifying multiple inflammatory lesions in the lungs.
- The patient successfully recovered with a treatment regimen of azithromycin, ethambutol, and rifampicin, highlighting the importance of mNGS for identifying complex infectious pathogens in pulmonary infections.
Article Abstract
Background: Non-tuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary infections (NTM-PD) are becoming increasingly common in clinical practice, and early detection and accurate determination of the infecting pathogen is crucial for subsequent treatment. We report a case of NTM-PD in a healthy middle-aged female with Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex group (MAC) infection confirmed by mNGS examination.
Methods: Appropriate laboratory tests, chest CT scan, bronchoscopic alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) examination, and macrogenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) were performed to establish the diagnosis.
Results: Chest CT showed multiple inflammatory lesions in the right middle lobe, and BALF sent for mNGS finally confirmed the diagnosis of MAC infection. After symptomatic treatment with azithromycin combined with ethambutol and rifampicin, the patient improved and was discharged from the hospital.
Conclusions: In patients with pulmonary infections, pathogens should be clarified early to determine the diagnosis. mNGS of BALF samples have high specificity in detecting pathogens of infectious diseases, especially complex mixed infectious disease pathogens.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.7754/Clin.Lab.2024.240108 | DOI Listing |
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