Design of chitosan-based drug-loaded laminated materials with superhydrophilic/superhydrophobic properties for simultaneous effective hemostasis and antiadhesion.

Hemostatic materials play a crucial role in trauma medicine. However, existing materials have poor hemostatic efficacy and a tendency to adhere to the wound surface, limiting their clinical effectiveness. Herein, a drug-loaded, superhydrophilic/superhydrophobic laminated material (DSLM), consisting of a superhydrophobic inner layer with a micropore array, a superhydrophilic chitosan-based sponge layer loaded with hemostatic/antimicrobial drugs, and a superhydrophobic outer layer, was developed. Furthermore, the DSLM allows unidirectional flow of blood and exudates from the wound bed through the superhydrophobic inner layer while facilitating efficient drug delivery. In addition, it possesses excellent biocompatibility and antiadhesion properties, as confirmed by in vivo and in vitro experiments. Compared with traditional hemostatic materials, the DSLM remarkably increased the survival time by over threefold in the acute femoral transaction wound bleeding model, and simultaneously prevented secondary wound damage by reducing peeling force to one-eighth incomparison to pristine gauze. The DSLM holds promise as a versatile clinical biomaterial for prehospital acute trauma treatment, with its simple structure facilitating manufacturing and expanding applications in biomedicine.