The monkeypox virus (mpox virus, MPXV) epidemic in 2022 has posed a significant public health risk. Yet, the evolutionary principles of MPXV remain largely unknown. Here, we examined the evolutionary patterns of protein sequences and codon usage in MPXV. We first demonstrated the signal of positive selection in OPG027, specifically in the Clade I lineage of MPXV. Subsequently, we discovered accelerated protein sequence evolution over time in the variants responsible for the 2022 outbreak. Furthermore, we showed strong epistasis between amino acid substitutions located in different genes. The codon adaptation index (CAI) analysis revealed that MPXV genes tended to use more non-preferred codons compared to human genes, and the CAI decreased over time and diverged between clades, with Clade I > IIa and IIb-A > IIb-B. While the decrease in fatality rate among the three groups aligned with the CAI pattern, it remains unclear whether this correlation was coincidental or if the deoptimization of codon usage in MPXV led to a reduction in fatality rates. This study sheds new light on the mechanisms that govern the evolution of MPXV in human populations.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gpbjnl/qzad003 | DOI Listing |
Mol Cell
December 2024
Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA. Electronic address:
The efficacy of antibody responses is inherently linked to paratope diversity, as generated through V(D)J recombination and somatic hypermutation. Despite this, it is unclear how genetic diversification mechanisms evolved alongside codon optimality and affect antibody expression. Here, we analyze germline immunoglobulin (IG) genes, natural V(D)J repertoires, serum IgG, and monoclonal antibody (mAb) expression through the lens of codon optimality.
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Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
The brown pencilfish, Nannostomus eques is a lebiasinid harvested for ornamental purposes; however, its complete mitochondrial genome sequence is still unknown. To enrich the molecular genetic information pertaining to Nannostomus, we present here the first report of the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of Nannostomus eques and compare it with Nannostomus beckfordi. The total lengths of the N.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEcol Evol
December 2024
Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, Key Laboratory of Biology and Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases and Pests of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Plant Protection Anhui Agricultural University Hefei Anhui China.
Previous studies on the gene order and composition of leafhopper mitochondrial genomes have revealed a high level of conservation in overall genome structure. Some members of Deltocephalinae, the largest subfamily, exhibit tRNA gene rearrangements; however, few mitogenomes have been sequenced in this group and the degree of structural variation within tribes remains unclear. In this study, we sequenced the complete mitogenomes of 14 species belonging to four genera of tribe Deltocephalini from China and compared them with the two previously reported mitogenomes for this tribe.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPLoS Genet
December 2024
Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom.
The translation of nucleotide sequences into amino acid sequences, governed by the genetic code, is one of the most conserved features of molecular biology. The standard genetic code, which uses 61 sense codons to encode one of the 20 standard amino acids and 3 stop codons (UAA, UAG, and UGA) to terminate translation, is used by most extant organisms. The protistan phylum Ciliophora (the 'ciliates') are the most prominent exception to this norm, exhibiting the grfeatest diversity of nuclear genetic code variants and evidence of repeated changes in the code.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTheory Biosci
December 2024
Institute for Mathematical Biology Faculty of Computer Sciences, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, 68163, Mannheim, Germany.
Circular codes, which are considered as putative remnants of primaeval comma-free codes, have recently become a focal point of research. These codes constitute a secondary type of genetic code, primarily tasked with detecting and preserving the normal reading frame within protein-coding sequences. The identification of a universal code present across various species has sparked numerous theoretical and experimental inquiries.
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