Adult Children as Companions in Geriatric Consultations: An Interpersonal Perspective from China.

Despite the prevalence of accompanied medical visits all over the world, most literature on triadic medical communication shares an Anglo-American background; little is known about non-dyadic medical interactions in Asian societies such as China. This article explores triadic interactions in Chinese geriatric outpatient consultations, focusing on the interpersonal dynamics between doctors, older patients, and the adult children who accompany them throughout the consultation. From an interpersonal pragmatic approach, we conduct a conversation analysis of the transcription of 36 audio-recorded encounters. Our findings demonstrate three patterns of companions' communicative actions during geriatric visits: enhancing rapport, mitigating face threats, and adding tension. These patterns reveal the multi-faceted nature of adult children's participation in geriatric care, highlighting their capacity to simultaneously facilitate a positive interpersonal atmosphere and pose challenges to their older parents' face. Delving into the nuanced mechanisms through which these patterns of engagement are triggered, warranted, and negotiated by all participants in the local contingencies, we further illuminate the institutional and cultural context that informs companions' intervention. Our analysis demonstrates that the influence of Chinese familial values and institutional constraints in Chinese tertiary hospitals, including restricted time and limited privacy within the clinic room, have shaped the interpersonal dynamic in triadic geriatric care. Our research calls for the development of nuanced and targeted interventions and training for healthcare professionals and companions of older patients alike.