There has been an increasingly prevalent message that data regarding costs must be included in conservation planning activities to make cost-efficient decisions. Despite the growing acceptance that socioeconomic context is critical to conservation success, the approaches to embedded economic and financial considerations into planning have not significantly evolved. Inappropriate cost data is frequently included in decisions, with the potential of compromising biodiversity and social outcomes. For each conservation planning step, this essay details common mistakes made when considering costs, proposing solutions to enable conservation managers to know when and how to include costs. Appropriate use of high-quality cost data obtained at the right scale will improve decision-making and ultimately avoid costly mistakes.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3002676 | DOI Listing |
Personal Ment Health
February 2025
Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK.
This paper applies error management theory (EMT) (Haselton and Buss 2000) to explore how disruptions in epistemic trust-trust in communicated information-can be understood as adaptive responses to early adversity in individuals with borderline personality disorder (BPD). I propose that epistemic mistrust (EM) and epistemic credulity (EC), characterized by inappropriate trust patterns, arise from the differential costs of trusting unreliable versus mistrusting reliable information. Although these biases may seem maladaptive, they function as evolutionary survival mechanisms in response to harsh environments.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCureus
November 2024
Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, CAN.
Compartment syndrome (CS) arises from various etiologies but is most commonly associated with severe traumatic injuries. It is a difficult diagnosis to make in a timely fashion because clinical signs and symptoms are subjective. Missing the diagnosis is a devastating mistake for the patient and the physician.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNEJM AI
October 2024
Division of Biomedical Informatics, University of California, San Diego, San Diego.
Hospital quality measures are a vital component of a learning health system, yet they can be costly to report, statistically underpowered, and inconsistent due to poor interrater reliability. Large language models (LLMs) have recently demonstrated impressive performance on health care-related tasks and offer a promising way to provide accurate abstraction of complete charts at scale. To evaluate this approach, we deployed an LLM-based system that ingests Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources data and outputs a completed Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock Management Bundle (SEP-1) abstraction.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Med Syst
November 2024
School of Cybersecurity, Old Dominion University, 23529, Norfolk, VA, USA.
Feedback on cognitive workload may reduce decision-making mistakes. Machine learning-based models can produce feedback from physiological data such as electroencephalography (EEG) and electrocardiography (ECG). Supervised machine learning requires large training data sets that are (1) relevant and decontaminated and (2) carefully labeled for accurate approximation, a costly and tedious procedure.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBehav Processes
October 2024
School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand. Electronic address:
The ability of nervous systems to filter out irrelevant and repetitive stimuli may prevent animals from becoming 'saturated' with excess information. However, animals must be particular about which stimuli to attend to and which to ignore, as mistakes may be costly. Using a comparative approach, we explored the effect of interstimulus interval (ISI) between repeated presentations of visual stimuli presented on a screen to test the decrease in responses (response decrement) of both Trite planiceps jumping spiders and untrained Columba livia pigeons, animals with comparable visual ability despite having structurally different visual systems and brain size.
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