Changes in bulbar conjunctival microcirculation and microvasculature during short-term scleral lens wearing and their associated factors.

Objective: To explore the changes in microcirculation and microvasculature of the bulbar conjunctiva during the short-term wearing of the scleral lenses (ScCL). And investigate the factors affecting the microcirculation and microvasculature of the bulbar conjunctiva.

Methods: In this prospective cross-sectional study, functional slit lamp biomicroscopy (FSLB) was used to image the ocular surface microcirculation and microvascular images at two different sites (under the area of ScCL and outside of the area of ScCL) before (baseline) and during the wearing of ScCL at 0 h, 1 h, 2 h and 3 h. Anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) (RTVue, Optovue Inc, USA) was also used to image central post-lens tear film (PoLTF) and the morphology changes of the conjunctiva under the landing zone at the same time period. The semi-automatic quantification of microcirculation and microvasculature including vessel density (D), vessel diameter (D), axial blood flow velocity (Va) and blood flow volume (Q). And the morphological changes of conjunctiva and PoLTF fogging grading were evaluated manually. The changes in the microcirculation and microvasculature of the ocular surface, PoLTF fogging grade and conjunctival morphology were compared before and during the ScCL wearing at different time periods, and the relationship between them was analyzed.

Results: Nineteen eyes (11 right eyes, 8 left eyes) were analyzed in this study. Outside of the area of ScCL, the D before wearing lenses was less than that at 0 h (P = 0.041). The Q at baseline was greater than that after 1 h ScCL wearing (P = 0.026). Under the area of the ScCL, the Q at 1 h was less than that at baseline and 3 h. During the ScCL wearing, statistically significant conjunctival morphology changes were found among different time stages (baseline (0 μm), 0 h (113.18 μm), 2 h (138.97 μm), 3 h (143.83 μm) (all P ＜0.05). Outside the area of the ScCL, the morphology changes of the conjunctiva were negatively correlated with the changes of Va (P＜0.001,r = -0.471) and Q (P = 0.003,r = -0.348),but positively correlated with the D (P = 0.001,r = 0.386). Under the area of ScCL, the morphology changes of the conjunctiva were negatively correlated with the Q (P = 0.012, r = -0.291). The fogging grade was positively correlated with the Q under the area of the ScCL (P = 0.005, r = 0.331).

Conclusions: The microcirculation and microvasculature of the ocular surface and conjunctival morphology were changed after wearing ScCL in wearers, which indicated that the microvascular responses happened in the ScCL wearers and the severity of microvascular responses of the ocular surface related to the morphology changes of the conjunctiva. The quantification methods and findings in this study provide clues for the safety of ScCL wearing and may supervise the health of the wearer's ocular surface.