AI Article Synopsis
- Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are tiny particles released by all cells and have a significant role in communication, shuttling substances, and modulating the immune system, especially relevant in multiple sclerosis (MS) research.
- The study focused on mouse models of MS to analyze the changes in EVs from the spinal cord at different stages of the disease, revealing shifts in proteins related to inflammation and synaptic function.
- The findings indicate that EVs reflect critical disease mechanisms in the central nervous system (CNS) and suggest potential biomarkers for MS, with similarities between changes in EVs in experimental models and those seen in human MS patients.
Article Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are released by all cells, can cross the blood-brain barrier, and have been shown to play an important role in cellular communication, substance shuttling, and immune modulation. In recent years EVs have shifted into focus in multiple sclerosis (MS) research as potential plasma biomarkers and therapeutic vehicles. Yet little is known about the disease-associated changes in EVs in the central nervous system (CNS). To address this gap, we characterized the physical and proteomic changes of mouse spinal cord-derived EVs before and at 16 and 25 days after the induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a neuroinflammatory model of MS. Using various bioinformatic tools, we found changes in inflammatory, glial, and synaptic proteins and pathways, as well as a shift in the predicted contribution of immune and glial cell types over time. These results show that EVs provide snapshots of crucial disease processes such as CNS-compartmentalized inflammation, re/de-myelination, and synaptic pathology, and might also mediate these processes. Additionally, inflammatory plasma EV biomarkers previously identified in people with MS were also altered in EAE spinal cord EVs, suggesting commonalities of EV-related pathological processes during EAE and MS and overlap of EV proteomic changes between CNS and circulating EVs.
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|---|---|
| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11162576 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12974-024-03147-y | DOI Listing |
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