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Treatment approaches in advanced penile cancer: targeted therapies and immunotherapy.
Front Oncol
January 2025
Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
Penile cancer is a rare genitourinary malignancy which can be treated with surgery or radiation for localized disease, but often requires systemic treatment with chemotherapy for recurrent or metastatic disease. With the emergence of immune checkpoint inhibitors and targeted therapies for specific genomic aberrations in the treatment of over a dozen other cancers, recent studies have sought to identify therapies other than chemotherapy in treating this uncommon cancer. Several ongoing trials involving immune checkpoint inhibitors, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, and antibody drug conjugates are attempting to identify additional therapies.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRole of immunotherapy in the overall survival of gastrointestinal cancer patients with liver metastases.
Hepat Oncol
December 2024
Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
To investigate the role of immunotherapy in the overall survival (OS) of gastrointestinal cancer patients who have liver metastases at the time of the primary site cancer diagnosis. Survival outcome was compared between groups with immunotherapy and groups without immunotherapy. Chemoimmunotherapy was associated with improved OS (hazard ratio [HR] 0.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnhancing immunotherapy efficacy with synergistic low-dose radiation in metastatic melanoma: current insights and prospects.
J Exp Clin Cancer Res
January 2025
Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
Recent advances in oncology research have highlighted the promising synergy between low-dose radiation therapy (LDRT) and immunotherapies, with growing evidence highlighting the unique benefits of the combination. LDRT has emerged as a potent tool for stimulating the immune system, triggering systemic antitumor effects by remodeling the tumor microenvironment. Notably, LDRT demonstrates remarkable efficacy even in challenging metastatic sites such as the liver (uveal) and brain (cutaneous), particularly in advanced melanoma stages.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCross-priming in cancer immunology and immunotherapy.
Nat Rev Cancer
January 2025
Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
Cytotoxic T cell immune responses against cancer crucially depend on the ability of a subtype of professional antigen-presenting cells termed conventional type 1 dendritic cells (cDC1s) to cross-present antigens. Cross-presentation comprises redirection of exogenous antigens taken from other cells to the major histocompatibility complex class I antigen-presenting machinery. In addition, once activated and having sensed viral moieties or T helper cell cooperation via CD40-CD40L interactions, cDC1s provide key co-stimulatory ligands and cytokines to mount and sustain CD8 T cell immune responses.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProgress in personalized immunotherapy for patients with brain metastasis.
NPJ Precis Oncol
January 2025
Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Brain metastasis leads to poor outcomes and CNS injury, significantly reducing quality of life and survival rates. Advances in understanding the tumor immune microenvironment have revealed the promise of immunotherapies, which, alongside surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation, offer improved survival for some patients. However, resistance to immunotherapy remains a critical challenge.
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