"Suffering" is a central concept within bioethics and often a crucial consideration in medical decision making. As used in practice, however, the concept risks being uninformative, ambiguous, or even misleading. In this paper, we consider a series of cases in which "suffering" is invoked and analyze them in light of prominent theories of suffering. We then outline ethical hazards that arise as a result of imprecise usage of the concept and offer practical recommendations for avoiding them. Appeals to suffering are often getting at something ethically important. But this is where the work of ethics begins, not where it ends.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15265161.2024.2353799 | DOI Listing |
Dementia was a condition I was aware of from a very young age as I witnessed my grandmother decline, and my mother step into the role as a caregiver, health care director and power of attorney. I was taught the foundation for this process by direct observation of my mother's actions. One aspect of caregiving that isn't teachable is the emotional pain, anguish, sadness and guilt that often accompanies that role.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMC Public Health
December 2024
School of Nursing, Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing, Heilongjiang, 163000, China.
Background: Stress is closely related to depression, anxiety, and sleep problems. However, few studies have explored the complex symptom-level relationships among these variables at different stress levels among college students.
Methods: From March to April 2024, a survey was conducted using a convenience sampling method in three universities in Daqing City, Heilongjiang Province.
Neural Netw
November 2024
School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Integrated Administration Technologies for Information Security, Shanghai, 200240, China; Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 201203, China. Electronic address:
Node classification is a fundamental task of Graph Neural Networks (GNNs). However, GNN models tend to suffer from the class imbalance problem which deteriorates the representation ability of minority classes, thus leading to unappealing classification performance. The most straightforward and effective solution is to augment the minority samples for balancing the representations of majority and minority classes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Public Health
October 2024
Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.
Front Oncol
September 2024
Department of Urology, Joint Logistic Support Force 940th Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA), Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
Background: For patients with metastatic upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC), the preferred first-line treatment is platinum-based chemotherapy. Immunotherapy can be considered a subsequent treatment if the chemotherapy is ineffective or the disease progresses. However, how should treatment be administered if immunotherapy is useless and the patient cannot take chemotherapy? Especially in patients who have metastasized after radical nephroureterectomy (RNU).
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