FeS clusters are prosthetic groups present in all organisms. Proteins with FeS centers are involved in most cellular processes. ISC and SUF are machineries necessary for the formation and insertion of FeS in proteins. Recently, a phylogenetic analysis on more than 10,000 genomes of prokaryotes have uncovered two new systems, MIS and SMS, which were proposed to be ancestral to ISC and SUF. SMS is composed of SmsBC, two homologs of SufBC(D), the scaffolding complex of SUF. In this review, we will specifically focus on the current knowledge of the SUF system and on the new perspectives given by the recent discovery of its ancestor, the SMS system.
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Small RNA OxyS induces resistance to aminoglycosides during oxidative stress by controlling Fe-S cluster biogenesis in .
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CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne, UMR7283, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditérannée, Institut Microbiologie, Bioénergies et Biotechnologie, Marseille F-13009, France.
Fe-S clusters are essential cofactors involved in many reactions across all domains of life. Their biogenesis in and other enterobacteria involves two machineries: Isc and Suf. Under conditions where cells operate with the Suf system, such as during oxidative stress or iron limitation, the entry of aminoglycosides is reduced, leading to resistance to these antibiotics.
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RSC Chem Biol
September 2024
Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Department of Molecular Enzymology, University of Potsdam D-14476 Potsdam Germany +49-331-977-5128 +49-331-977-5603.
CyaY, the frataxin homolog of , plays an important role in ISC iron-sulfur cluster assembly through interactions with the cysteine desulfurase IscS, which regulate the supply of sulfur. IscS is not exclusive for ISC Fe-S cluster assembly, as it functions as a hub for the supply of sulfur to a number of other sulfur-requiring pathways, such as for the biosynthesis of Moco and thiolated tRNAs. How the balance of sulfur supply to the various competing pathways is achieved is not fully understood, but a network of protein-protein interactions plays a key role.
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Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Rome, Italy.
Article Synopsis
- Iron-sulfur (Fe-S) clusters are crucial for bacteria to respond to environmental changes and iron scarcity, with two primary biogenesis systems identified: ISC (housekeeping) and SUF (stress response).* -
- Most bacteria possess only one of these systems, typically SUF, but the human pathogen under study has only ISC, which is essential for its survival and adaptation under various conditions.* -
- This research highlights the different roles of ISC and SUF in bacterial fitness, revealing that bacteria with only ISC can better withstand oxidative stress and iron deprivation compared to those with only SUF.*
Characterization of the SUF FeS cluster synthesis machinery in the amitochondriate eukaryote Monocercomonoides exilis.
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Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, BIOCEV, Průmyslová 595, 25250 Vestec, Czech Republic. Electronic address:
Monocercomonoides exilis is the first known amitochondriate eukaryote. Loss of mitochondria in M. exilis ocurred after the replacement of the essential mitochondrial iron-sulfur cluster (ISC) assembly machinery by a unique, bacteria-derived, cytosolic SUF system.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEscherichia coli monothiol glutaredoxin GrxD replenishes Fe-S clusters to the essential ErpA A-type carrier under low iron stress.
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Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA. Electronic address:
Iron-sulfur (Fe-S) clusters are required for essential biological pathways, including respiration and isoprenoid biosynthesis. Complex Fe-S cluster biogenesis systems have evolved to maintain an adequate supply of this critical protein cofactor. In Escherichia coli, two Fe-S biosynthetic systems, the "housekeeping" Isc and "stress responsive" Suf pathways, interface with a network of cluster trafficking proteins, such as ErpA, IscA, SufA, and NfuA.
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