The evolution and development of sporangia-The fundamental reproductive organ of land plant sporophytes.

Curr Opin Plant Biol

The New York Botanical Garden, 2900 Southern Blvd., Bronx, NY, 10458, USA.

Published: October 2024

A key innovation of land plants is the origin and evolution of the sporangium, the fundamental reproductive structure of the diploid sporophyte. In vascular plants, whether the structure is a cone, fertile leaf, or flower-all are clusters of sporangia. The evolution of morphologically distinct sporangia (heterospory) and retention of the gametophyte evolved three times independently as a prerequisite for the evolution of seeds. This review summarizes the development of vascular plant sporangia, molecular genetics of angiosperm sporangia, and provides a framework to investigate evolution and development in vascular plant sporangia.

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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pbi.2024.102563DOI Listing

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