AI Article Synopsis
- Increased activity levels are positively linked to better working memory (WM) performance in children with ADHD, specifically in phonological and visuospatial tasks.
- Stimulant medication has been shown to improve both WM and motor skills in these children.
- The study indicates that combining stimulant medication with a higher level of movement might be the most effective way to enhance visuospatial WM performance.
Article Abstract
There is a positive association between heightened activity levels and improved working memory performance (WM) in individuals with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Recent research suggests that stimulant medications may have a simultaneous positive impact on WM and motor skills. Yet, it is unclear the specific connection between movement, WM, and stimulant use. We examined how visuospatial (VS) and phonological (PH) WM performance varied with children's stimulant medication usage and naturally occurring activity level. In a repeated measures design, children with ADHD (n = 43; 7-12 years old) completed WM tasks while wearing actigraphy watches to monitor activity level on and off stimulant medication. Significant large sized main effects were observed for medication condition on PH (p < .05, η = .14) and VS (p < .001, η = .30) WM. Activity level also had significant medium sized main effects on PH (p < .01, η = .09) and VS (p < .005, η = .10) WM. There was a significant medium sized interaction for VS WM (p < .005, η = .11), indicating that the effect of medication on performance was greatest in the highest activity level category. The findings suggest that a combination of stimulant medication and an "optimal" level of movement may be most effective for improving VS WM.
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