Developing mild photocatalytic bromination strategies using sustainable bromo source has been attracting intense interests, but there is still much room for improvement. Full utilization of redox centers of photocatalysts for efficient generation of Br species is the key. Herein we report heterogenous organophotocatalytic HBr oxidation coupled with oxygen reduction to furnish Br and HO for effective bromination of arenes over AlO supported perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA). Mechanism studies suggest that O-vacancy in AlO can provide Lewis-acid-type anchoring sites for O, enabling unexpected dual-electron transfer from anchored photoexcited PTCDA to chemically bound O to produce HO. The in-situ generated HO and Br over redox centers work together to generate HBrO for bromination of arenes. This work provides new insights that heterogenization of organophotocatalysts can not only help to improve their stability and recyclability, but also endow them with the ability to trigger unusual reaction mode via cooperative catalysis with supports.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-48349-3 | DOI Listing |
The selective amination of aromatic C-H bonds is a powerful strategy to access aryl amines, functionalities found in many pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals. Despite advances in the field, a platform for the direct, selective C-H amination of electronically diverse (hetero)arenes, particularly electron-deficient (hetero)arenes, remains an unaddressed fundamental challenge. In addition, many (hetero)arenes present difficulty in common selective pre-functionalization reactions, such as halogenation, or metal-catalyzed borylation and silylation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDalton Trans
January 2025
DICATECh, Politecnico di Bari, Bari, I-70125, Italy.
This systematic study delves into the synthesis and characterization of robust bi-functional aminopropyl-tagged periodic mesoporous organosilica with a high loading of small imidazolium bridges in its framework (PrNH@R-PMO-IL, ∼2 mmol g of IL). The materials proved to be a reliable and enduring support for the immobilization of Ru species, demonstrating strong performance and excellent selectivity in the -bromination of various derivatives of 2-phenylpyridine compounds and other heterocycles, showcasing its effectiveness and robust nature. The synthesized materials were thoroughly characterized to determine their structural properties, such as pore size distribution, loading of organic groups, and surface area, using various analytical techniques.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Am Chem Soc
December 2024
Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
Diarylmethanes play, in part, a pivotal role in the design of highly potent, chiral, nonracemic drugs whose bioactivity is typically affected by the substitution pattern of their arene units. In this context, certain arenes such as -substituted benzenes or unsubstituted heteroarenes cause particular synthetic challenges, since such isosteric residues at the central methane carbon atom are typically indistinguishable for a chiral catalyst. Hence, the stereoselective incorporation of isosteric (hetero)arenes into chiral methane scaffolds requires the use of stoichiometrically differentiated building blocks, which is typically realized through preceding redox-modifying operations such as metalation or halogenation and thus associated with disadvantageous step- and redox-economic traits.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Adv
December 2024
Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clearwater Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
The [Fe]/HO oxidation system has found wide applications in chemistry and biology. Halogenation with this [Fe]/HO oxidation protocol and halide (X) in the biological system is well established with the identification of heme-iron-dependent haloperoxidases. However, mimicking such halogenation process is rarely explored for practical use in organic synthesis.
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