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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/CLD.0000000000000177 | DOI Listing |
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CBGTPy: An extensible cortico-basal ganglia-thalamic framework for modeling biological decision making.
PLoS One
January 2025
Departament de Ciències Matemàtiques i Informàtica, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma, Spain.
Here we introduce CBGTPy, a virtual environment for designing and testing goal-directed agents with internal dynamics that are modeled on the cortico-basal-ganglia-thalamic (CBGT) pathways in the mammalian brain. CBGTPy enables researchers to investigate the internal dynamics of the CBGT system during a variety of tasks, allowing for the formation of testable predictions about animal behavior and neural activity. The framework has been designed around the principle of flexibility, such that many experimental parameters in a decision making paradigm can be easily defined and modified.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHawks, Doves, and Perissodus microlepis. Undermining the selected effects theory of function.
Hist Philos Life Sci
January 2025
Department Civilization and Forms of Knowledge, University of Pisa, Pisa, PI, Italy.
The selected effects theory is supposed to provide a fully naturalistic basis for statements about what biological traits or processes are for without appeal to final causes or intelligent design. On the selected effects theory, biologists are allowed to say, for instance, that hindwing eyespots on butterfly wings serve to deflect predators' attacks away from vital organs because a similar fitness-enhancing effect explains why eyespots themselves were favoured by natural selection and persisted in the population. This is known as the explanatory dimension of the selected effects theory.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Except host and environmental factors influencing individual human cytokine responses, pre-analytical handling procedures and detection methods also affect cytokine levels.
Methods: In this study, we used cytometric bead array (CBA) and chemiluminescence (ECL). These two methods were used to test serum and plasma samples from 50 healthy adult volunteers and 50 rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients' cytokine levels.
Ocular Rosacea: An Updated Review.
Cornea
January 2025
Instituto de Oftalmologia Fundacion Conde de Valenciana IAP, Mexico City, Mexico.
Purpose: Ocular rosacea is a chronic inflammatory disorder affecting the ocular surface, often associated with cutaneous rosacea. This review aims to explore its pathogenesis, treatment approaches, and future directions for management.
Methods: A review of current literature on the pathophysiology, clinical features, and treatment strategies of ocular rosacea in adults and children (pediatric blepharokeratoconjunctivitis) was conducted.
Feasibility of IR-MALDESI Mass Spectrometry Imaging of PFAS.
J Mass Spectrom
February 2025
FTMS Laboratory for Human Health Research, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.
Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a class of emerging contaminants that have been in use industrially since the 1940s. Their long-term and extensive commercial use has led to their ubiquitous presence in the environment. The ability to measure the bioconcentration and distribution of PFAS in the tissue of aquatic organisms helps elucidate the persistence of PFAS as well as environmental impacts.
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