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Global burden and trends of the infection-associated diseases from 1990 to 2021: an observational trend study.
Ann Med
December 2025
Department of Critical Care Medicine, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China.
Background: This study was aimed to explore the global burden and trends of Clostridioides difficile infections (CDI) associated diseases.
Methods: Data for this study were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. The burden of CDI was assessed using the age-standardized rates of disability-adjusted life years (ASR-DALYs) and deaths (ASDRs).
Explainable Deep Learning for Glaucomatous Visual Field Prediction: Artifact Correction Enhances Transformer Models.
Transl Vis Sci Technol
January 2025
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand.
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a deep learning approach that restores artifact-laden optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans and predicts functional loss on the 24-2 Humphrey Visual Field (HVF) test.
Methods: This cross-sectional, retrospective study used 1674 visual field (VF)-OCT pairs from 951 eyes for training and 429 pairs from 345 eyes for testing. Peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness map artifacts were corrected using a generative diffusion model.
Governing in the face of a global crisis: When do voters punish and reward incumbent governments?
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
January 2025
Yale Jackson School of Global Affairs, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511.
The recent COVID-19 pandemic offers a rare opportunity to understand how citizens attribute responsibility for governments' responses to unanticipated negative-and in this case, systemic-exogenous shocks. Classical accounts of responsibility are complicated when crises are pervasive, involve multiple valence dimensions, and where individuals can make relative assessments of performance. We fielded a conjoint experiment in 16 countries with 22,147 respondents.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBayesian Inference of Phylogenetic Distances: Revisiting the Eigenvalue Approach.
Bull Math Biol
January 2025
Section of Epidemiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Using genetic data to infer evolutionary distances between molecular sequence pairs based on a Markov substitution model is a common procedure in phylogenetics, in particular for selecting a good starting tree to improve upon. Many evolutionary patterns can be accurately modelled using substitution models that are available in closed form, including the popular general time reversible model (GTR) for DNA data. For more complex biological phenomena, such as variations in lineage-specific evolutionary rates over time (heterotachy), other approaches such as the GTR with rate variation (GTR ) are required, but do not admit analytical solutions and do not automatically allow for likelihood calculations crucial for Bayesian analysis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMonitoring molecular markers associated with antimalarial drug resistance in south-east Senegal from 2021 to 2023.
J Antimicrob Chemother
January 2025
Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Immunophysiopathology and Infectious Diseases Department, G4-Malaria Experimental Genetic Approaches and Vaccines Unit, Dakar, Senegal.
Background: Since 2006, artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) have been introduced in Senegal in response to chloroquine resistance (CQ-R) and have shown high efficacy against Plasmodium falciparum. However, the detection of the PfKelch13R515K mutation in Kaolack, which confers artemisinin resistance in vitro, highlights the urgency of strengthening antimalarial drug surveillance to achieve malaria elimination by 2030.
Objective: To assess the proportion of P.
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