AI Article Synopsis
- Current mining risk assessments usually focus on toxic metals, neglecting the potential risks from organic flotation agents.
- This study investigates the synergistic toxicity of cadmium (Cd) combined with two flotation agents, ethyl xanthate (EX) and diethyldithiocarbamate (DDTC), revealing that their combined effects are more harmful than each individually.
- Findings indicate that the formed micro/nano particles from this combination significantly damage the cells of luminescent bacteria, affecting cell membranes and causing DNA damage, highlighting the need for comprehensive ecological risk evaluations in mining.
Article Abstract
Currently, risk assessment and pollution management in mines primarily focus on toxic metals, with the flotation agents being overlooked. However, the combined effects of metals and flotation agents in mines remain largely unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the combined effects of Cd and two organic flotation agents (ethyl xanthate (EX) and diethyldithiocarbamate (DDTC)), and the associated mechanisms. The results showed that Cd + EX and Cd + DDTC exhibited synergistic toxicity. The EC values for luminescent bacteria were 1.6 mg/L and 1.0 mg/L at toxicity unit ratios of 0.3 and 1, respectively. The synergistic effects were closely related with the formation of Cd(EX) and Cd(DDTC) micro/nano particles, with nano-particles exhibiting higher toxicity. We observed severe cell membrane damage and cell shrinkage of the luminescent bacteria, which were probably caused by secondary harm to cells through the released CS during their decomposition inside cells. In addition, these particles induced toxicity by altering cellular levels of biochemical markers and the transcriptional levels of transport proteins and lipoproteins, leading to cell membrane impairment and DNA damage. This study has demonstrated that particulates formed by Cd and flotation agents contribute to the majority of the toxicity of the binary mixture. This study helps to better understand the complex ecological risk of inorganic metals and organic flotation agents in realistic mining environments.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173588 | DOI Listing |
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