Australian rheumatologists' perception of autologous haemopoietic stem cell transplantation for the treatment of systemic sclerosis: a cross-sectional survey.

Background: Autologous haemopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) is an effective treatment for systemic sclerosis (SSc); however, treatment-related toxicity remains a key issue.

Aims: To investigate the perceptions of rheumatologists on the use of AHSCT for SSc.

Methods: Australian rheumatologists were asked for their opinion on the role of AHSCT, the indications for treatment and the barriers to the use of AHSCT for SSc. A secondary analysis assessed what factors influenced the perception of AHSCT.

Results: A total of 77.8% rheumatologists agreed or strongly agreed with the statement that AHSCT is an accepted treatment for SSc. While 65.1% agreed or strongly agreed that treatment-associated mortality was a significant barrier to referral for AHSCT, only 15.2% agreed or strongly agreed that this risk was unacceptable. Progressive lung or skin disease, or lack of response to other therapies, were considered the main referral criteria. A total of 92.0% of respondents agreed or strongly agreed that reduction of treatment toxicity would increase their likelihood to refer patients for AHSCT. Rheumatologists who were aware of the correct evidence base were more likely to consider AHSCT an acceptable treatment for SSc (4.21 ± 0.7 vs 3.64 ± 0.9, P = 0.007). Rheumatologists desire improved patient selection criteria and access to treatment.

Conclusion: In this national survey of rheumatologists, AHSCT is considered an accepted therapy. However, concern about toxicity remains a potential barrier to patient referral. Access, studies to refine patient selection and development of AHSCT protocols that improve safety were identified as key areas of need.