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| http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/aian.aian_102_24 | DOI Listing |
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An Unexpected Outcome of an Ischemic Stroke on the Reward Pathways in the Human Brain.
HCA Healthc J Med
December 2024
Del Sol Medical Center, El Paso, Texas.
Background: Addiction affects millions of people, often resulting from a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors, and is frequently linked to mental health disorders. Many experts agree there is no cure for addiction, but there are effective treatments available. Many patients continue to succumb to addiction despite treatment.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA Curious Case of Scimitar Syndrome That Defies Embryology.
Ann Thorac Surg Short Rep
December 2024
Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.
Scimitar syndrome is a rare condition described by unique anatomic features that consist mainly of an abnormal connection of the right pulmonary veins to the inferior vena cava and right atrial junction, as well as an anomalous systemic arterial supply to the right lung. We present the case of a 60-year-old man with an atypical variant of scimitar syndrome that was embryologically perplexing and anatomically challenging to correct. We highlight key surgical and procedural considerations for a patient with scimitar syndrome presenting with this complex surgical anatomy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe curious case of dopaminergic prediction errors and learning associative information beyond value.
Nat Rev Neurosci
January 2025
Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Transient changes in the firing of midbrain dopamine neurons have been closely tied to the unidimensional value-based prediction error contained in temporal difference reinforcement learning models. However, whereas an abundance of work has now shown how well dopamine responses conform to the predictions of this hypothesis, far fewer studies have challenged its implicit assumption that dopamine is not involved in learning value-neutral features of reward. Here, we review studies in rats and humans that put this assumption to the test, and which suggest that dopamine transients provide a much richer signal that incorporates information that goes beyond integrated value.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFForeign body ingestion in children: Clinical features and complications.
Tunis Med
December 2024
Department of Pediatric Medicine B, Béchir Hamza Children's Hospital, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis el Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia.
Introduction: The ingestion of foreign body (FB) is a common problem in paediatrics. Children are curious by nature and tend to explore environment by inserting objects into their mouths.
Aim: To update our epidemiological and clinical data and adapt clinical management in order to limit morbidity associated with this fairly frequent accidental pathology.
Family concerns in organ donor conversations: a qualitative embedded multiple-case study.
Crit Care
December 2024
Ethics of Healthcare Group, Department of IQ Health, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Background: Listening and responding to family concerns in organ and tissue donation is generally considered important, but has never been researched in real time. We aimed to explore in real time, (a) which family concerns emerge in the donation process, (b) how these concerns manifest during and after the donor conversation, and (c) how clinicians respond to the concerns during the donor conversation.
Methods: A qualitative embedded multiple-case study in eight Dutch hospitals was conducted.
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