The accuracy of cytologic diagnosis and typing was examined in 154 patients, 113 males and 41 females, who underwent radical surgery during the past six years. There were 42 central and 112 peripheral lesions: 6 adenocarcinomas and 28 squamous-cell carcinomas were centrally located and 69 adenocarcinomas and 27 squamous-cell carcinomas were peripherally located. Repetition of sputum sampling at least three times was preferred, especially in central lesions, which were detected in 57% to 64% of the cases by either three-day-pooled or aerosol-induced specimens. Peripheral lesions required brushing to enhance the accuracy. The overall typing accuracy was 64.3%, ranging from 83.6% in squamous-cell carcinoma to 25.0% in large-cell carcinoma. Cytologic positivity correlated well with the finding of tumors more than 3 cm in diameter. Adenocarcinoma and squamous-cell carcinoma showed no significant difference in frequency of regional lymph nodal metastases. The value of judging the accuracy of cytologic diagnosis and typing on the histologic evaluation of the entire resected lesion, rather than on biopsy specimens, is emphasized.
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