A novel isoform associated with multiple sclerosis lesions induces P-body formation.

Introduction: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory and demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Current therapies primarily target the inflammatory component of the disease and are highly effective in early stages of MS while limited therapies have an effect in the more chronic progressive stages of MS where resident glia have a larger role. MS lesions tend to be inflammatory even after the initial peripheral immune cell invasion has subsided and this inflammation is known to cause alternative splicing events.

Methods: We used qPCR of normal-appearing white matter and white matter lesions from postmortem MS tissue, studies, and immunostaining in MS tissue to investigate the alternative splicing of one gene known to be important during recovery in an animal model of MS, .

Results: We found a novel, intron-retained isoform which has not been annotated, upregulated specifically in MS patient white matter lesions. We found that this novel isoform activates the nonsense-mediated decay pathway in primary human astrocytes, the most populous glial cell in the CNS, and is then degraded. Overexpression of this isoform in astrocytes leads to an increased number of processing bodies , the primary site of mRNA decay. Finally, we demonstrated that MS white matter lesions have a higher burden of processing bodies compared to normal-appearing white matter, predominantly in GFAP-positive astrocytes.

Discussion: The increase in alternative splicing of the gene, the stress that this alternative splicing causes, and the observation that processing bodies are increased in white matter lesions suggests that the lesion microenvironment may lead to increased alternative splicing of many genes. This alternative splicing may blunt the protective or reparative responses of resident glia in and around white matter lesions in MS patients.