We present a case of a man in his late 40s presenting with generalised tonic-clonic seizures and profound methaemoglobinaemia shortly after inadvertent ingestion of amyl nitrite. Arterial blood gas analysis demonstrated methaemoglobin levels exceeding the upper detection threshold of our analyser, accompanied with profound cyanosis despite apparent oxygen saturations of 94%. Prompt administration of intravenous methylene blue led to a rapid and complete recovery. This case highlights the importance of swift recognition and treatment of methaemoglobinaemia particularly when the precipitating factor may be unknown at the time of presentation. This case also demonstrates the potential limitations of bedside blood gas analysers in diagnosis.

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http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2023-259384DOI Listing

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Article Synopsis
  • Volatile nitrites, like amyl nitrite, are recreationally used for enhanced sexual experiences but can lead to serious health issues, prompting a study from the Victorian Poisons Information Centre covering a decade.
  • Over ten years, there was a significant rise in reported cases, with 132 calls about 122 exposures, often linked to ingestion and inhalation; common symptoms included dizziness, irritation, and nausea, while more serious effects occurred in a minority of cases.
  • The study highlights the increasing use of volatile nitrites in Australia, underscoring the need for improved community education and harm reduction strategies among users and healthcare providers.
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We present a case of a man in his late 40s presenting with generalised tonic-clonic seizures and profound methaemoglobinaemia shortly after inadvertent ingestion of amyl nitrite. Arterial blood gas analysis demonstrated methaemoglobin levels exceeding the upper detection threshold of our analyser, accompanied with profound cyanosis despite apparent oxygen saturations of 94%. Prompt administration of intravenous methylene blue led to a rapid and complete recovery.

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We report a clinical scenario involving a 51-year-old male patient with a history of prediabetes and gastritis who exhibited altered mental status following the consumption of poppers, a supplement containing nitrites, which is used for erectile stimulation. Shortly after the ingestion, the patient experienced convulsions, foaming at the mouth, and subsequently developed altered mental status and severe respiratory distress. The diagnosis of methemoglobinemia was confirmed based on elevated methemoglobin levels on venous blood gas analysis.

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Modeling Postmortem Ethanol Production/Insights into the Origin of Higher Alcohols.

Molecules

January 2022

Department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece.

The forensic toxicologist is challenged to provide scientific evidence to distinguish the source of ethanol (antemortem ingestion or microbial production) determined in the postmortem blood and to properly interpret the relevant blood alcohol concentration (BAC) results, in regard to ethanol levels at death and subsequent behavioral impairment of the person at the time of death. Higher alcohols (1-propanol, 1-butanol, isobutanol, 2-methyl-1-butanol (isoamyl-alcohol), and 3-methyl-2-butanol (amyl-alcohol)) are among the volatile compounds that are often detected in postmortem specimens and have been correlated with putrefaction and microbial activity. This brief review investigates the role of the higher alcohols as biomarkers of postmortem, microbial ethanol production, notably, regarding the modeling of postmortem ethanol production.

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