The impact of volatile anesthetics and propofol on phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate signaling.

Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP), as well as other anionic phospholipids, play a pivotal role in various cellular processes, including ion channel regulation, receptor trafficking, and intracellular signaling pathways. The binding of volatile anesthetics and propofol to PIP leads to alterations in PIP-mediated signaling causing modulation of ion channels such as ɣ-aminobutyric acid type A (GABA) receptors, voltage-gated calcium channels, and potassium channels through various mechanisms. Additionally, the interaction between anionic phospholipids and G protein-coupled receptors plays a critical role in various anesthetic pathways, with these anesthetic-induced changes impacting PIP levels which cause cascading effects on receptor trafficking, including GABA receptor internalization. This comprehensive review of various mechanisms of interaction provides insights into the intricate interplay between PIP signaling and anesthetic-induced changes, shedding light on the molecular mechanisms underlying anesthesia.