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Reforming the innovation system to deliver affordable medicines: a conceptual framework of pharmaceutical innovation as a complex adaptive system (forest) and theory of change.
J Pharm Policy Pract
January 2025
Global Health Centre, Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva, Switzerland.
Background: The current mainstream pharmaceutical innovation system (PIS) is driven by the market-based logic of charging the highest prices societies will bear. Outcomes include unaffordable medicines, restricted access and pressure on health budgets. How can the innovation system change to deliver fairly-priced medicines?
Methods: We inductively developed a novel conceptual framework of the PIS as a complex adaptive system (CAS) analogous to a forest.
The 30-year evolution of oral cholera vaccines: A case study of a collaborative network alternative innovation model.
PLOS Glob Public Health
January 2025
Global Health Centre, Geneva Graduate Institute, Genève, Switzerland.
Cholera outbreaks have been rapidly increasing around the world. While long-term cholera prevention and control measures rely on improvements in water, sanitation, and hygiene, oral cholera vaccines (OCVs) are used for prevention and control in the short-to-medium term. OCVs lack the market incentives available in other more profitable disease areas.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEquitable access to pandemic products demands stronger public governance.
Lancet
November 2024
Global Health Centre, Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland.
Alternative Pharmaceutical Innovation Models in Competitive Markets: A Collaborative Approach to Develop a Novel Drug for Hepatitis C.
Trop Med Infect Dis
October 2024
Global Health Centre, Geneva Graduate Institute, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland.
Alternative innovation models have emerged to address failures of the traditional pharmaceutical system, particularly for diseases where market incentives do not attract sufficient research and development efforts. However, the feasibility of such models for diseases with significant markets is not well-established. This article analyses the development of a novel drug (ravidasvir) for the treatment of hepatitis C, a highly profitable market.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEstimating The Effects Of COVID-19 On Globalized Markets For Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients.
Health Aff (Millwood)
July 2024
Suerie Moon, Geneva Graduate Institute, Geneva, Switzerland.
Global supply chains for active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) are highly centralized in certain countries and are susceptible to supply-chain shocks. However, there is no systematic monitoring or global coordination to manage risk and ensure equitable supply continuity during public health emergencies. In this study, we applied quasi-experimental methods on shipment-level customs data to determine how prices and export volume for APIs exported from India were affected by the COVID-19 pandemic.
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