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Needed: Clear definition and hierarchical integration of motivation constructs.
Behav Brain Sci
January 2025
Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research LIVES, University of Lausanne, Lausanne,
Murayama and Jach offer a thoughtful and timely critique of motivation constructs. We largely concur with their basic premises, but offer additional input and clarification regarding the importance of carefully considering the energization and direction components of motivation, and fully attending to the hierarchical aspect of motivation rather than prioritizing particular levels of analysis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFResurrecting the "black-box" conundrum.
Behav Brain Sci
January 2025
Department of Human Development and Quantitative Methodology, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD,
In their article, Murayama and Jach contend that a mental computational model demonstrates that high-level motivations are emergent properties from underlying cognitive processes rather than instigators of behaviors. Despite points of agreement with the authors' critiques of the motivation literature, I argue that their claim of dismantling the black box of the human mind has been constructed on shaking grounds.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBipyramidal gold nanoparticles-assisted plasmonic photothermal therapy for ocular applications.
J Mater Chem B
January 2025
Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Department of Ophthalmology, Reina Sofia University Hospital and University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain.
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) play a key role in the field of nanomedicine due to their fascinating plasmonic properties as well as their great biocompatibility. An intriguing application is the use of plasmonic photothermal therapy (PPTT) mediated by anisotropic AuNPs irradiated with a near-infrared (NIR) laser for treating ocular diseases in ophthalmology. For this purpose, bipyramidal-shaped AuNPs (BipyAu), which were surface-functionalized with three different organic ligands (citrate, polystyrene sulphonate (PSS), and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB)), were synthesized.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA high lipid diet leads to greater pathology and lower tolerance during infection.
J Exp Biol
January 2025
Dept of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville AR 72701, USA.
Altered food landscapes contribute importantly to wildlife disease dynamics and may play an important role in host heterogeneity in disease outcomes through changes in host diet composition. We explored the effects of dietary macronutrient composition on disease pathology and feeding behavior of canaries (Serinus canaria domestica) infected with Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG). In the first experiment, we provided canaries with isocaloric diets comprised of identical ingredients that varied in macronutrient content (high-protein or high-lipid) then MG- or sham-inoculated birds.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnalysis of hollow visceral injuries admitted to a level one intensive care unit in South Africa.
S Afr J Surg
December 2024
Division of Surgery, Tygerberg Hospital, Stellenbosch University, South Africa.
Background: Bowel trauma, encompassing injuries to the small and large intestine, represents a significant medical challenge due to its potential for morbidity and mortality. Management of bowel injuries remains surgical, but multiple factors influence the outcome in these patients. This study provides an in-depth analysis of the high-risk features of hollow visceral trauma in the ICU setting and the corresponding mortality rates, shedding light on the critical factors that influence outcomes in these cases.
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