AI Article Synopsis
- Coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) is linked to various heart conditions in patients with cancer, including ischemia and conditions like MINOCA and INOCA, though its role in cancer therapy-related heart issues is not well-understood.
- Four women with active cancer treatments experienced chest pain, leading to tests that confirmed CMD in two of them, indicating no obstructive coronary artery disease was found.
- The findings suggest that CMD could contribute to heart problems associated with cancer therapies, highlighting the need for more research to explore its mechanisms and treatment approaches.
Article Abstract
Background: Coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) has been implicated as a potential mechanism in the pathophysiology of different clinical presentations, including ischemia and no obstructive coronary artery disease (INOCA), myocardial infarction and nonobstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA), stress cardiomyopathy, heart failure, and myocarditis. There are limited data about the role of CMD in cancer therapy-related cardiovascular toxicities.
Case Presentations: Four women with a diagnosis of active cancer receiving treatment who developed subsequent MINOCA or INOCA presented for cardiac catheterization. Upon coronary angiography showing no obstructive coronary arteries, coronary function testing was performed to evaluate for CMD.
Methods: Coronary physiology was assessed measuring non-hyperemic (resting full-cycle ratio [RFR]) and hyperemic (fractional flow reserve [FFR]) indices using a physiologic pressure wire. The wire also measured coronary flow reserve (CFR), index of microcirculatory resistance (IMR), and RFR using thermodilution technology. CMD was confirmed if the CFR was <2.5 and the IMR was >25.
Results: Among 4 patients with diagnosis of active cancer presenting with chest pain, there was no evidence of obstructive coronary artery disease, leading to separate diagnoses of INOCA, MINOCA, stress cardiomyopathy, and myocarditis. We found CMD in 2 patients (1 with INOCA and 1 with immune checkpoint inhibitor-related myocarditis).
Conclusions: CMD may play a role in cardiovascular toxicities. Further coronary physiology studies are needed to understand the mechanisms of cancer therapy-related cardiovascular toxicity and CMD, as well as optimal preventive and treatment options.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carrev.2024.05.001 | DOI Listing |
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