A rare case of cervical myofibroma in an infant: A case report.

Introduction: A solitary infantile myofibroma tumor arises as a hard, painless cutaneous or subcutaneous nodule and is defined as an uncommon soft tissue neoplasm that is usually seen in childhood.

Case Presentation: A nine-month-old female infant presented with a solid mass that appeared one month ago. The mass gradually increased in size within the right posterior triangle of the neck, without any local or systemic accompanying symptoms. Laboratory tests were normal. Ultrasonography revealed a homogeneous tissue mass measuring 1.5 × 3 cm, with blood flow within it. Multislice CT scan accurately localized the isolated tumor. The mass was surgically excised and found within the sternocleidomastoid muscle, without any adhesions to adjacent tissues. Histological examination of the tumor and immunohistochemical tests confirmed infantile myofibroma.

Clinical Discussion: IM is one of the most common soft tissue tumors in children and mainly consists of myofibroblasts. 90 % of IM cases are diagnosed before the age of two years. Possible therapeutic measures for this tumor include conservative management, surgical resection, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and steroid injections into the tumor. Surgical removal of the tumor is often performed, and if it is single and completely removed, the prognosis is good with a recurrence rate of less than 10 %.

Conclusion: Infantile myofibroma is considered a benign tumor, but it may be fatal in some cases. Each case is treated individually according to the number (single or multicentric), size, location, symptoms, and visceral involvement. Surgical resection remains the therapeutic procedure of choice in most cases.