AI Article Synopsis
- PAH is a rare but serious condition marked by high pressure in the pulmonary arteries, which can lead to right heart problems and life-threatening issues.
- The disease involves a variety of complex mechanisms like vasoconstriction and inflammation, influenced by various molecular pathways including nitric oxide and prostacyclin.
- Despite the importance of early diagnosis, PAH currently lacks effective biomarkers, and research aims to identify new biomarkers to improve diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring of treatment.
Article Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare subtype of group 1 pulmonary hypertension (PH) diseases, characterized by high pulmonary artery pressure leading to right ventricular dysfunction and potential life-threatening consequences. PAH involves complex mechanisms: vasoconstriction, vascular remodeling, endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, oxidative stress, fibrosis, RV remodeling, cellular hypoxia, metabolic imbalance, and thrombosis. These mechanisms are mediated by several pathways, involving molecules like nitric oxide and prostacyclin. PAH diagnosis requires clinical evaluation and right heart catheterization, confirming a value of mPAP ≥ 20 mmHg at rest and often elevated pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR). Even if an early and accurate diagnosis is crucial, PAH still lacks effective biomarkers to assist in its diagnosis and prognosis. Biomarkers could contribute to arousing clinical suspicion and serve for prognosis prediction, risk stratification, and dynamic monitoring in patients with PAH. The aim of the present review is to report the main novelties on new possible biomarkers for the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment monitoring of PAH.
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| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11117582 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom14050552 | DOI Listing |
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