Anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects, toxicity, and phytochemical analysis of Wall.

Preliminary pharmacological studies revealed that the EtOAc fraction (BGEA) might be the main active fraction with anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects in Wall. Further assays on BGEA at doses of 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg using four animal models showed that it could inhibit the xylene-induced ear edema, carrageenan-induced paw edema, and acetic acid-induced writhing and prolong the latency time in the hot-plate test. ELISA analysis revealed that the anti-inflammatory activity of BGEA might be associated with the decrease of TNF-, IL-1, and IL-6 levels and the increase of the IL-10 level. The acute toxicity test showed that except for the -BuOH fraction, the LD values of the extract and other three fractions were higher than 2000 mg/kg bw. Finally, 14 compounds were identified from BGEA by LC-MS. This research provides some basis for the folk use of in the treatment of inflammation and pain-related diseases.