Previous studies have emphasized the critical role of the prefrontal cortex in cognitive estimation and theory of mind, however, none of them has questioned the possible role of cognitive estimation processes in understanding the mental states of others. In this study, we compared 30 patients with focal prefrontal cortex damage and 30 control subjects matched by gender, age, and education level on their performances on a cognitive estimation task and two tasks assessing theory of mind: the "Faux-Pas" task and the Reading the Mind in the Eyes task. The results showed that patients were significantly impaired compared with control subjects on both abilities of cognitive estimation and theory of mind. Moreover, regression analyses showed that performance on theory of mind was predicted by the scores on cognitive estimation. Finally, using voxel-based lesion analysis, we identified a partially common bilaterally distributed prefrontal network involved in both these domains centred within the ventral and dorsomedial areas with extension to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02643294.2024.2354449 | DOI Listing |
Netw Neurosci
December 2024
Institucio Catalana de la Recerca i Estudis Avancats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain.
Different whole-brain computational models have been recently developed to investigate hypotheses related to brain mechanisms. Among these, the Dynamic Mean Field (DMF) model is particularly attractive, combining a biophysically realistic model that is scaled up via a mean-field approach and multimodal imaging data. However, an important barrier to the widespread usage of the DMF model is that current implementations are computationally expensive, supporting only simulations on brain parcellations that consider less than 100 brain regions.
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November 2024
Health and Technology, Stress Management and Therapy Clinic, Naples, ITA.
Depression is a complex mental health condition characterized by persistent sadness, loss of interest, and a range of cognitive, emotional, and behavioral symptoms. It can be acute or chronic and is often influenced by a combination of genetic, biological, psychological, and social factors. According to transnational estimates of prevalence, depressive symptoms represent the most concerning challenge to mental health across cultures and beyond geographical borders.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCureus
November 2024
Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, SAU.
Introduction In Saudi Arabia, the epidemiological estimates of childhood epilepsy are lacking. However, only a handful of studies have been performed to explore the epidemiology of childhood epilepsy. The objective of this study was to identify the burden of childhood idiopathic epilepsy in Saudi Arabia from 1990 to 2019 using Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 study data.
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December 2024
Department of Environmental Medicine and Climate Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1057, New York, NY, 10029, USA. Electronic address:
Background: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by social deficits and repetitive behaviors. Environmental pollutants may contribute to the etiology of ASD, but studies of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have shown conflicting results.
Objectives: We assessed associations between cord blood concentrations of PFAS with autistic traits at age seven years in a Singaporean birth cohort.
Vision Res
December 2024
CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Beijing 100101, China.
Visual adaptation to thin or large bodies was found to shift the subjective body normality towards the adapting body shape. Here we investigated the persistency of such adaptation effect by tracking the timecourse of decay of short-term body size adaptation in young healthy Chinese women. Participants adapted to contracted or expanded body images of unfamiliar female volunteers with a top-up paradigm.
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