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Article Abstract
Fungal infections continue to represent a major threat to public health, particularly with the emergence of multidrug-resistant fungal pathogens. As part of the innate immune response, the host modulates the availability of metals as armament against pathogenic microbes, including fungi. The transition metals Fe, Cu, Zn, and Mn are essential micronutrients for all life forms, but when present in excess, these same metals are potent toxins. The host exploits the double-edged sword of these metals, and will either withhold metal micronutrients from pathogenic fungi or attack them with toxic doses. In response to these attacks, fungal pathogens cleverly adapt by modulating metal transport, metal storage, and usage of metals as cofactors for enzymes. Here we review the current state of understanding on Fe, Cu, Zn, and Mn at the host-fungal pathogen battleground and provide perspectives for future research, including a hope for new antifungals based on metals.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-micro-041222-023745 | DOI Listing |
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Article Synopsis
- Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is a fungal infection caused by various species of the Paracoccidioides fungus, mainly affecting those engaged in rural work.
- The dominant species, Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, has historically been viewed as the primary cause, with research focusing on its interactions with the immune system, including its escape strategies.
- Understanding these interactions and the adhesion molecules used by the fungus can lead to the development of new antifungal treatments aimed at overcoming the challenges posed by the host's immune defenses.
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